Hepatic adenoma "...most commonly occurs in people with elevated systemic levels of estrogen, classically in women taking estrogen-containing oral contraceptive medication." ... "The majority of hepatic adenomas arise in women aged 20–40, most of whom use oral contraceptives. Other medications which also alter circulating hormone levels, such as anabolic or androgenic steroids, barbiturates, clomifene, have also been implicated as risk factors." Source: Wikipedia

Hepatic adenomatosis "...is the presence of numerous, more than 10 and up to 50, hepatic adenomas. It is a rare disorder, best characterized with MRI." ..."Patients with hepatic adenomatosis do not necessarily have the classic risk factors associated with the development of hepatic adenomas, such as steroid or oral contraceptive use, or the presence of a glycogen storage disease." Source: Radiopaedia website

Hepatic Adenoma / Adenomatosis Survey

If you have been diagnosed with either an hepatic adenoma or hepatic adenomatosis, please consider completing my survey which I have developed in order to gather data regarding these conditions. You are welcome to stay anonymous by providing an alias on the form instead of using your real name, if you choose. Email me at ninette at mwebbiz dot co dot za to request a survey form. Read my post "Living with an Hepatic Adenoma" for the reasons why I am doing this survey and for what I intend to do with the information.

Featured Post

Living with an Hepatic Adenoma

Out of the blue, a sharp pain radiates through my chest from the core of my upper abdomen in the region of my liver, with it, more inte...

Disclaimer

Important Notice/Disclaimer: I am not a doctor, I am a patient and this is merrily a blog offering my opinion and some useful information and links I have compiled from other unverified sources. Only consult your doctor for medical advice. Although I have done my best to accurately portray facts in this blog, I cannot guarantee the accuracy of the information obtained from other websites and sources and also suggest you visit the websites directly, at your own risk, to obtain information that may have later been updated since I obtained the information. I cannot guarantee the authenticity, accuracy or safety of links to other websites today although at the time of posting the links were safe. This blog is run on a voluntary basis and may not be updated regularly.

Q&A & Definitions

What is an 'Adenoma'?
"An adenoma is a benign tumor (-oma) of glandular origin. Adenomas can grow from many organs including the colon, adrenal glands, pituitary gland, thyroid, etc. Although these growths are benign, over time they may progress to become malignant, at which point they are called adenocarcinomas. Even while benign, they have the potential to cause serious health complications by compressing other structures (mass effect) and by producing large amounts of hormones in an unregulated, non-feedback-dependent manner (paraneoplastic syndrome)." Source: Wikipedia

What is a 'Hepatic Adenoma'? ["HA's"]
"Hepatocellular adenoma, also hepatic adenoma, or rarely hepadenoma, is an uncommon benign liver tumor which is associated with the use of hormonal contraception with a high estrogen content.[1] Patients taking higher potency hormones, patients of advanced age, or patients with prolonged duration of use have a significantly increased risk of developing hepatocellular adenomas." Source: Wikipedia; "a benign tumor of the liver, usually occurring in women during the reproductive years in association with lengthy oral contraceptive use. The tumor is usually solitary, subcapsular, and large, composed of cords of hepatocytes with portal triads. SYN: hepatocellular adenoma." Source: Right Diagnosis's website

Two types of Hepatic Adenomas
"...tumors of bile duct origin and tumors of liver cell origin. Hepatic adenomas of bile duct origin are usually smaller than 1 cm and are not of clinical interest; typically, they are found incidentally on postmortem examinations. Hepatic adenomas of liver origin are larger—on average, they measure 8-15 cm—and are often clinically significant." Source: Emedicine

What is a 'ruptured Hepatic Adenoma'?
"Hepatic adenomas may rupture and bleed [hemorrhage](internal bleeding), causing pain in the area where the liver is situated (upper abdomen on right hand side of torso) and for this area to be distended [Swollen/raised due to pressure from inside] ). The primary reason for advocating surgical resection of a hepatic adenoma is this risk of rupture/hemorrhage. The risk of hemorrhage increases with increasing tumor size (>10.0 cm) and hormone use." Source (adapted by me): EMedicine.; "The most extensive complication of hepatic adenoma is intratumoral or intraperitoneal hemorrhage, which occurs in 50 to 60 per cent of patients." [my bolding] Source: US National Library of Medicine

What is 'resection'?
"Resection, in surgery, refers to removal of an organ or lesion by cutting it away from the body or the remainder of the tissue. A doctor may say that a tumor can be resected, or is resectable, when it can be completely removed by surgery without leaving any of the tumor tissue, or without causing death to the patient by removing or damaging an essential structure." Source: Wikipedia; "Elective resection of hepatic adenoma has a mortality rate of less than 1 per cent, while the mortality rate with free rupture is 5 to 10 per cent. Because of the relative safety of elective versus emergency resection and the potential for malignant change, the treatment of choice for hepatic adenoma is surgical resection." Source: US National Library of Medicine

What risk is there of the hepatic adenoma becoming malignant (cancerous)?
"Malignant transformation is rare, but for this reason, surgical resection is advocated in most patients with presumed hepatic adenomas." Source: EMedicine; "Adenomas can progress to adenomatosis, which are inoperable, or malignant transformation..." [my insertion: to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)] . "...Focal nodular hyperplasia is marked by a stellate scar, sometimes accompanied by hemangioma, but is asymptomatic. It is not increased in oral contraceptive users, but occurs in older women. It can transform to fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. The 2 benign lesions can be distinguished by radionuclide scanning and angiography. Only fine needle aspiration is advised for biopsy, because of the risk of hemorrhage with adenoma. Focal nodular hyperplasia takes up radionuclide, stains intensely on angiography, and is safe to biopsy percutaneously." Source: US National Library of Medicine. "Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels are helpful in differentiating hepatic adenoma from HCC. A high AFP level indicates the presence of HCC, although not all patients with HCC have elevated AFP levels.5 Several cases have been reported in which highly differentiated HCC was diagnosed within an adenoma, although preoperative AFP results were negative." Source: Emedicine

What is Adenomatosis?
"Hepatic adenomatosis is the presence of numerous, more than 10 and up to 50, hepatic adenomas. It is a rare disorder, best characterized with MRI." Source: Radiopaedia website

Incidence of Hepatic Adenomas
"Hepatic adenomas are strongly associated with use of oral contraceptives, anabolic androgens, and glycogen storage disease. They are less commonly associated with pregnancy and diabetes mellitus.The incidence of hepatic adenomas has increased in the last several decades, a trend that coincided with the introduction of oral contraceptives." Source: UptoDate; "Ninety percent of hepatic adenomas arise in women aged 20–40, most of whom use oral contraceptives." Source: Wikipedia; "The incidence of these conditions has been increasing since 1970. Hepatic adenoma primarily affects young women of childbearing age who have a long history of using oral contraceptives..." Source: US National Library of Medicine; "Race -No known racial predilection for hepatic adenomas exists. Sex - In a retrospective analysis of 437 patients with liver tumors, 44 patients had hepatic adenoma.12 Of these patients, Weimann et al reported a male-to-female ratio of 1:3.9 (9 men and 35 women). Age - In the study by Weimann et al, the mean patient age was 34 years (range, 15-64 y) in those affected by hepatic adenoma (44 patients)." Source: Emedicine

Size of Hepatic Adenomas
"Hepatic adenomas range in size from 1-30 cm, averaged 8-10 cm in diameter, contain vacuoles and glycogen, but no Kupfer cells or bile ducts."...."users of oral contraceptives who have hepatic adenoma develop are likely to have larger tumors and higher rates of bleeding and rupture than nonusers who have hepatic adenoma develop." Source: US National Library of Medicine. " Hepatic adenomas of bile duct origin are usually smaller than 1 cm and are not of clinical interest; typically, they are found incidentally on postmortem examinations. Hepatic adenomas of liver origin are larger—on average, they measure 8-15 cm—and are often clinically significant." Source: Emedicine

Can a Hepatic Adenoma get smaller or disappear without surgery/resection?
[My note: From my owner experience, it can get smaller!]
"Although hepatic adenomas may regress after discontinuation of oral contraceptive use, this is not a consistent finding." Source: US National Library of Medicine
"The lesions can occasionally regress after cessation of oral contraceptives; however, less commonly, enlargement has been observed after cessation." Source: Emedicine

Can I die from it?
An hepatic adenoma itself is not necessarily life threatening, but if it ruptures, it can be life threatening. Rupture is a significant risk from what I have read ('50 - 60% of patients'). For the Hepatic Adenoma to become malignant can also be life threatening, however, the risk of it becoming malignant, according to what I have read, is very low. [My note] "Rarely, hepatic adenomas may undergo malignant transformation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels are helpful in differentiating hepatic adenoma from HCC. A high AFP level indicates the presence of HCC, although not all patients with HCC have elevated AFP levels.5 Several cases have been reported in which highly differentiated HCC was diagnosed within an adenoma, although preoperative AFP results were negative." Source: Emedicine

Frequency
"The incidence among long-term users of oral contraceptives is approximately 4 cases per 100,000.7 In women who do not use oral contraceptives or have used them for less than 2 years, the incidence is 1 case per million." Source: Emedicine

Focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic adenomas
Focal nodular hyperplasia is another type of benign liver tumour that is sometimes confused with hepatic adenomas. "Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and hepatic adenomas are rarely seen in childhood. Both of these benign lesions have an association with a high estrogen environment and frequently occur in adolescent girls. Hepatic adenomas are associated with oral contraceptive use.

Signs and symptoms may be absent or are nonspecific and include abdominal pain and mass symptoms.

A characteristic central scar on CT scan is pathognomonic [definition of pathognomonic: 'characteristic for a particular disease'.] for FNH. Unenhanced CT scans reveal a hypodense well-defined lesion. A 3-phase CT scan is the optimal study to make the diagnosis of FNH, including an arterial phase, portal venous phase, and delayed images. During the arterial phase, an FNH lesion appears as an early contrast-enhanced homogenous lesion that becomes isodense with the normal liver parenchyma on delayed images. A less-enhanced central scar can be seen in less than 50% of lesions." "Differentiating FNH from adenomas may require a technetium sulphur colloid scan, which reveals uniform uptake by FNH lesions." "FNH lesions have no malignant potential and are often asymptomatic. Many surgeons advocate elective resection to prevent spontaneous rupture and hemorrhage; however, other surgeons follow these lesions with serial ultrasonography monitoring. If the lesions are symptomatic or rapidly enlarging, complete surgical resection, embolization, or hepatic artery ligation may be used for treatment.

Hepatic adenomas are treated with complete surgical excision because these lesions have a small risk for rupture, hemorrhage, or malignant transformation to hepatocellular carcinoma." Source: Emedicine
[From what I have read, FNH is different from HA in that FNHs don't appear to have a link to use of contraceptives, HAs tend to be/get larger, HAs more chance of malignant transformation, FNH have a central distinguishing scar, FNH more common in older people, where HAs more common in women of childbearing age. Anybody, please correct me if I am wrong.]

What are the symptoms of having a Hepatic Adenoma?
From what I have read, they say that mostly, there are no [recognisable] symptoms and that usually HAs are discovered 'accidentally' while the patient is undergoing other medical evaluations/scans. [read my blog post 'Symptoms' for my own experience regarding the symptoms before and after the rupture of the HA].

How can I get tested to see if I have an Hepatic Adenoma?
You will need to have a CT scan or MRI done, however, if the HA is large enough, your GP (doctor) might be able to feel it by gently pressing on your abdomen at the liver. [The HA in my body is now 8cm x 8cm and if I lie down on my back I can still see a slightly raised area, but if I press gently on it, I can definitely feel it. It feels like a hard mass/ball.] For a definite diagnosis, you will need to have a CT scan or an MRI done. From what I have read, it is NOT recommended to perform a biopsy due to the risk of rupture.

What are the symptoms of the Hepatic Adenoma rupturing?
If the HA ruptures/starts bleeding, you will know that something is wrong. In my case, I started off with what felt like a stomach ache/pain. My stomach then started to feel more and more bloated and the pain intesified in my abdomen (I think it was in the space of an hour as my 'stomache ache' started when I was in a meeting). Your abdomen/stomach region will become more and more raised with the lapsing of time as the HA bleeds internally. The pain will also continue to intensify. You need to get to a hospital quickly as this is an emergency situation.

What should the doctors do in the case of a ruptured adenoma?
I cannot answer this as I am not a doctor but I can tell you what happened in my case. I was fortunate in the doctor at which hospital I was admitted, after diagnosing me, said that I should be transferred to another hospital which was well known for their liver specialist surgeons. The surgeons decided not to resect at that time (refer above definition of resection) because it would be too life threatening due to the extent of the internal bleeding. They decided to perform an embolisation which resulted in the internal bleeding coming to a stop. After the successful embolisation, because the HA was so large and so much bleeding had taken place internally, they decided to wait for me to stabilise and for the tumour to become smaller as the (old) blood dissolved back into my system before deciding when and if they should operate.

What is embolization/embolisation [in this context]?
"The procedure is a minimally invasive alternative to surgery. The purpose of embolization is to prevent blood flow to an area of the body, which effectively can shrink a tumour or block an aneurysm.

The procedure is carried out as an endovascular procedure by a consultant radiologist in an interventional suite. It is common for most patients to have the treatment carried out with little or no sedation, although this depends largely on the organ to be embolized. Patients who undergo cerebral embolization or portal vein embolization are usually given a general anesthetic.

Access to the organ in question is acquired by means of a guidewire and catheter(s). Depending on the organ this can be very difficult and time consuming. The position of the correct artery or vein supplying the pathology in question is located by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). These images are then used as a map for the radiologist to gain access to the correct vessel by selecting an appropriate catheter and or wire, depending on the 'shape' of the surrounding anatomy.

Once in place, the treatment can begin. The artificial embolus used is usually one of the following:

Once the artificial emboli have been successfully introduced, another set of DSA images are taken to confirm a successful deployment." Source: Extracted from Wikipedia

As a user of contraceptive pills, when should I get a scan to see if I have an Hepatic Adenoma?
I can only provide you with my opinion. I would definitely get a scan if I was on the pill for 10 years or longer. If you like to be super safe and you have the money/resources to do so, I would get a scan if I have been on the pill for 5 years or more. Also, when you go for your annual check up with your doctor, it can't harm for you to ask him/her to examine your abdomen in the region of your liver for any exterior signs of a possible large HA (this shouldn't cost you anything extra).

Now that I know about this, should I discontinue use of contraceptive pills?
This is entirely up to you. Not all women using contraceptive pills get HAs. The risk is yours to take, if you feel it is a risk worth taking.

Friday, January 7, 2011

My symptoms

Before the rupture:
In my own experience, I didn't have any localised symptoms that could help me self-diagnose. Looking back, however, I do recall that a few months before the HA ruptured, I experienced a severe 'wind' (pain in lower chest) after having worn snug fitting clothing (wedding dress) [At the time, I wrote it off to all the food I ate at my wedding!]. Atleast 6 months before the rupture, I was burping more often and suffering from indigestion from time to time but I didn't think it could be anything serious (found out afterwards that this can be a sign that there could be a foreign mass such as a tumour that is impacting on digestion/putting pressure on the digestive system). I did however suffer from other symptoms [for a large part of the time that I was on the pill and afterwards] which I feel must be associated with the HA: mood swings (hormonal), irregular cycle, over production of prolactin (hormone), occassional headaches, constipation, times of bloating in the stomach associated with eating (at the time thought it was irritable bowel syndrome), mild nose bleeding (not running, but small amounts of blood found inside my mucous), occassional lack of energy, low libido, inexplicable chest pain, (I think I can recall a few months or weeks before the rupture that at one point I experienced inexplicable skin itching (no sign of insect bites, just itching) etc

During the rupture - refer Q&A section

After the rupture
It has been a long journey for me since the rupture and I have experienced a wide range of symptoms/side effects at varying degrees with the lapsing of time (including most of the ones listed above). Notably, I still have the following symptoms: pain (at tumour) from time to time (different pain sensations, sometimes an aching, sometimes like needle pricks, etc); excessive thirst, mood swings, headaches from time to time, lack of energy, irregular cycle, nausea from time to time, indigestion/burping, low libido, inexplicable chest pain, from time to time. All of these symptoms have generally been reducing with time. When I was released from hospital 3 weeks after the rupture took place, all I could do was sleep. I had more pain then but was able to stop taking pain killers after about 3 weeks. The most difficult part was the emotional / mental side of going through this ordeal.

My experience (ruptured hepatic adenoma)

22 July 201

I had an MRI on 16th July 2012. Doc called me with results but I haven't seen him yet so will only give a brief update here. The tumour has not changed much in size since my previous scan approximately 14 months ago, although the doc said it is "a little smaller". He has made it abundantly clear that it will be too risky to operate right now and says we should continue to just monitor. The tumour is in a really tricky spot in the middle of all the major veins/arteries which distribute blood to and from the heart, so operation to remove not recommended. Will write more soon. Had a tough weekend because on Friday I had unexplained severe chest pain. Went to hospital, but pain stopped and the people in the emergency room didn't think it was anything to worry about (allergic reaction to food or indigestion??). I am just worried because the pain was so severe, in upper chest, crushing pressure like pain also shooting into my back (mom thought it might be after effects of the MRI??). I've felt on and off weak, nauseous and just unwell this whole weekend... maybe it is unrelated or I am coming down with something like the flu?? not sure? I am going to try and arrange an urgent appointment with my liver surgeon and will let you know how it goes.
12 May 2012

A long overdue update: It is almost my 37th birthday. I was meant to have my next scan in Feb (2012), but that never transpired. I was reluctant to have another CT scan because I have read that one shouldn't have more than one a year due to radiation exposure. I was having more than 1 a year up till now. So I asked my doctor if he could rather arrange an MRI at the public hospital (discounted rate). The waiting list was not surprisingly long so my next scan is now set for 16 July 2012. Lately, I have been experiencing some bad days. The indigestion has increased accompanied by burping and nausea, an empty stomach feeling, constipation, inexplicable chest and colon / tummy pain, etc etc (very similar to the symptoms experienced when I came out of hospital). I seem to have spells that occur about once a month (last 2 or so months) for a few days at a time (about 3 or 4). The rest of the time i still experience the indigestion systems and nausea, but not that bad. So, I guess I have been a little bit worried, but so much. I am just eager to have my next scan to see what the heck is going on. It seems to be more of a digestive system problem so not sure if it is even related to the HA, although I somehow think it is. I still experience liver pain from time to time but it is pretty mild. I am starting to keep a diary of my symptoms to see if I can puzzle together the pieces of what is causing it. Perhaps it is my diet? I have been 'letting go' a bit over the easter holidays, i.e. eating richer foods and drinking one or two glasses of wine on Friday and Sat nights. So, I guess I am just going to have to pay more attention to my diet again and see if that helps. Although the above sounds bad, I am otherwise okay and coping well with work and very strong, mentally and physically. It is just on those bad days when I am down and out... about 3 to 5 days in the month. I am also wondering if there is a link with my menstrual cycles and this. I am a believer that everything is linked, especially when it comes to issues of the liver (the organ that regulates hormones in the body).My menstrual cycles have not been as regular, arriving later than usual lately. So, yeah, something is changing inside, but like my hubby says, I must 'roll with the punches'. Sometimes we have to feel worse before we get better. Will keep you posted. xx

30 December 2011

I turned 36 in June. I had one more CT since the last one listed below. I must dig up to check what the date of that one was. I was meant to have one in October 2011 again but I've asked doc if we can postpone until Feb 2012. Will let you know how that one goes. I've been feeling fine and still get pain once in a while, but I am a 'healthy' weight again and my menses have returned and are much heavier now. I find that when I am stressed, my pain returns so I know that stress must be avoided! When I do get a pain, it is really not that bad. It just makes me worry, that's all.

06 January 2011

I am now 35 years old. It has been nearly a year since I was diagnosed as having an hepatic adenoma (was aged 34). I never knew I had it until it ruptured causing an emergency situation in which I had to be rushed to hospital.

Today I still have the tumour inside of me. My next scan is scheduled for 11 April 2011 and will then be able to give you more news regarding further progress.

Last CT Scan was on 26 August 2010:
The tumour is now 8cm x 8cm, so looking back, here is the progress:

At 26 August 2010: 8cm x 8cm
At 6th May 2010: 15cm x 12cm x 11cm.
At end of March 2010: 16cm x 13cm x 13cm.

This means it has shrunk by approximately half its size since end March (in 5 months). [in terms of volume, one fifth of its original size!]
[Bear in mind that much of the shrinking, up to this point, is as a result of the disappearing/dissolving of the old blood from the internal bleeding that took place when rupture took place. I am not sure what size the tumour was before rupture/internal bleeding took place.]

Here is my story:-

On 8th February 2010 I was rushed to hospital with severe abdominal pain and a distended (raised) tummy/abdomen. Prior to this date I was a healthy 34 year old female living in South Africa.

I had to undergo many tests that night and the following day before the doctors diagnosed me with a ruptured hepatic adenoma. A hepatic adenoma is a benign tumour on the liver and in most cases (90%?) it is associated with long term use of the birth control pill. In my case, this was most certainly the cause as I had been on the pill for about 15 years of my life.

What had happened on that day was that a blood vessel inside the tumour ruptured causing internal bleeding (within the tumour). This caused the tumour to expand like a balloon filling with blood [internal bleeding] (hence my large tummy/abdomen and severe pain). Prior to this event, my tummy/abdomin was flat and I had no idea that I had the tumour.

The doctors had to perform an embolisation to stop the blood supply to the tumour. I also had to receive two blood transfusions due to blood loss. The embolisation procedure was successful. Now that the blood supply to the tumour seized it was now possible for the tumour to shrink in size. I still had to be in Intensive Care for two weeks so that they can monitor me daily to ensure that the bleeding had stopped, etc and to ensure that all my blood tests (liver function, white blood cells, etc) started returning to normal. While in intensive care I underwent lots of other struggles which I will not elaborate on here (severe reaction to pain killers and antibiotics, lack of appetite/weight loss, sleeplessness, etc).

Finally, they found a painkiller that I didn't react to and my recovery started. After two weeks in ICU, I was moved to a normal ward where I stayed for one more week before I was released from hospital to continue my recovery at home.

The tumour casing (including the blood filled area) was huge (18cm). The doctors at the hospital I was admitted to said it is the largest they have encountered. They decided it was too risky to operate and remove it straight away and rather opted to do the embolisation and to give the tumour time to shrink (and for all that blood to dissolve).

19 June 2010:- I am still at home, doing much better, but I still have not had the operation. My last scan to see if the tumour has shrunk was in the beginning of May. That scan showed that the tumour had shrunk to a size of 15cm x 12cm x 11cm [the previous scan done in March? 2010 showed the size as 16cm x 13cm x 13cm]. The doctor said that he was going to consult with other doctors overseas about the way forward (wait longer to operate or operate now?). We now await feedback from the doctor, but we assume that it has been decided (for the time being) that it is in order to wait until the tumour shrinks further. I will phone the doctor next week to follow up.

When I came out of the hospital I stayed in bed for the first couple of weeks just sleeping alot. I had lost lots of weight and needed to get my weight up again. I've never been that much over weight (maybe just 5kgs), but now I needed to put back that weight that I had lost. This has been pretty difficult. I have gained a few kgs over the past few months but am still not at the weight that I used to be.

I am working again and have been working for a long time now (started working very soon after I was released from the hospital). I am blessed enough to be able to do most of my work from home.

I have changed my diet slightly, although the doctor didn't say that I had to. I am 'juicing' now about 5 times a week (I make juices from fresh celery, apples, beetroot and carrots, etc). I also have reduced my meat intake. I've also tried to incorporate light exercise atleast 5 days a week.

You are probably wanting to ask me now about the pain. Well, aside from the excruciating pain I underwent on 8th February and in the hospital in the days that followed, the pain has not been so bad otherwise. The biggest struggle for me has been the emotional/mental side of it (and the reaction to the painkillers!).
As for the emotional and mental side of it, I get my good and bad days. The bad days are REALLY bad. I can't describe how bad it is but to put it mildly it feels like the end of the world and that there is absolutely no reason to carry on. If you have gone thru a similar experience and you feel like you are going crazy, know that you are not alone and that you are not going crazy. There are small things you can do that will help. I didn't want to share my anguish with my hubby because I had already put him thru so much hell with this. But finally, I agreed to start talking to him more about how I feel from day to day. He said that he would rather know what I am experiencing than not know, no matter how terrible it is. This has been such a great help. If I feel a certain way one morning, I tell him. This helps so much. Talking to other people also helps. People that care, of course. And it especially helps to talk to people who have also been in hospital or who have also had a traumatic physical experience. It doesn't matter if it was a different type of illness because on the emotional/mental side of it, the symptoms/experiences can be very similar. Another thing that helps is prayer. I felt that I completely lost my faith in G-d and I am still struggling with this. But over the past few weeks it has been a bit better and I pray every morning in bed before I get up. Also, my dad has given me a new motto to live by. He calls it "Odaat". This stands for "One Day At a Time". The key is to stop thinking ahead or looking back but to rather just live in the now (read Eckhardt Tolle's books). When having a bad day, just remember this saying and also know that no matter how bad it feels, it will end and it is just a feeling. Also, the biggest help is to have people in your life that love you unconditionally. I am very blessed in this regard. I just need to get over the guilt of putting them thru this.

MY MESSAGE TO MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS

I thought it necessary for me to include a post, specifically addressed to medical practitioners, regarding my experience with doctors prescribing contraceptive pills / hormone therapy as, not only birth control, but also a treatment to regulate menstrual cycles and to treat acne. Every doctor I met promoted the pill in a manner that makes one believe that there are no side effects to be concerned about. The doctors never asked how long I have been on the pill or never checked contra-indications with me. They never told me that it is not advisable to take the pill for long periods of time. I know it is our responsibility to read the fine print on birth control packages, but I still feel that doctors have a certain responsibility to warn their patients about the risks. Some of the pill inserts state that side effects are very rare (1%), but I am sure that this figure is inaccurate based on the high incidence of HAs occuring in women using contraceptive pills over extended periods of time. I could not find any inserts which warns against long-term use of the pill.

My history with doctors prescribing contraceptive pills
I started my menses at the age of 12 and had no problems up until after I was 16 years old. At the age of sixteen, I became sexually acvite. At the time, I was living in the United States and it was very easy for me to go to my local "PP" to obtain free birth control pills. Shortly after this, still in my teens, I started experiencing galactorrhea. I went to the doctor and the doctor found that I had elevated prolactin levels. I stopped taking the pill to see if this would resolve the problem. I then started experiencing amenorrhoea (menstrual cycle ceized/stopped). I was then told by the doctor to start taking the pill again. When I was 18, a doctor diagnosed me with 'indirect evidence of a micro-prolactinoma' and prescribed [...] and stated that I should go for a follow up scan in a couple of years time. After reading up on it, I decided not to take the [...]. I had a fair amount of acne as a teenager and as I hit my twenties, my acne became worse. I consulted another doctor who suggested I change the pill I use to another type which will help with my acne. I did so and continued taking this pill (or the generic version of it) up to the age of 30. In conjunction with this, when I started this new pill I also underwent brief treatment with an anti-androgen drug. I eventually had two more scans following this (one CT scan and then an MRI several years after I stopped the pill). Both showed no evidence of a prolactinoma, although my prolactin levels remained elevated (fluctuating), but not as high as before. When I stopped taking the pill (30 years old), I waited almost two years to see if my menstrual cycle will return naturally. It was hell coming off the pill - I think I can compare it to going through withdrawal. When my cycle did not return, this was the time when I had an MRI scan which confirmed no prolactinoma. The doctor suggested that I go back on the pill to help re-start my cycle. I refused to do so. I then read up on some natural alternatives and through changing my diet slightly/vitamens, I was able to get my menstrual cycle to return. About a year and a half later, the HA ruptured. At no stage in my medical history did a doctor examine me to check for the possibility of an HA.

There is no denying that up until now contraceptive pills have largely been promoted by the medical fraternity in the same fashion as condoms and topical acne creams are being promoted. I would like to plead with medical practitioners to exercise care when prescribing contraceptive pills. Advise your patients about the real risk of taking contraceptive pills for extended periods of time.

I would like to end by thanking all of the doctors that played a roll in saving my life when the rupture took place by making the right decisions during that critical time.